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<title>Video4Linux</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Video4Linux</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Video4Linux</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.linuxtv.org/v4l-utils.git">git<wbr>.linuxtv<wbr>.org<wbr>/v4l-utils<wbr>.git</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linuxtv.org/">www<wbr>.linuxtv<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Video4Linux</b> (<b>V4L</b> for short) is a collection of <a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">device drivers</a> and an <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a> for supporting realtime <a href="Video_capture" title="Video capture">video capture</a> on <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It supports <a href="USB" title="USB">USB</a> <a href="Webcam" title="Webcam">webcams</a>, <a href="TV_tuner_card" title="TV tuner card">TV tuners</a>, <a href="Camera_Serial_Interface" title="Camera Serial Interface">CSI</a> cameras, and related devices, standardizing their output, so programmers can easily add video support to their applications.

</p><p>Video4Linux is responsible for creating V4L2 device nodes aka a device file (/dev/videoX, /dev/vbiX and /dev/radioX) and tracking data from these nodes. The device node creation is handled by V4L device drivers using the video_device struct (v4l2-dev.h) and it can either be allocated dynamically or embedded in another larger struct.

</p><p>Video4Linux was named after <a href="Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a> (which is sometimes abbreviated "V4W"), but is not technically related to it.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>While Video4Linux is only available on Linux, there is a compatibility layer available for <a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> called Video4BSD. This provides a way for many programs that depend on V4L to also compile and run on the FreeBSD operating system.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>V4L had been introduced late into the 2.1.X development cycle of the Linux kernel. Retroactively being renamed to V4L1, it was dropped in kernel 2.6.38.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>V4L2 is the second version of V4L. Video4Linux2 fixed some design bugs and started appearing in the 2.5.x kernels. Video4Linux2 drivers include a compatibility mode for Video4Linux1 applications, though the support can be incomplete and it is recommended to use Video4Linux1 devices in V4L2 mode. The project DVB-Wiki is now hosted on <a href="LinuxTV" title="LinuxTV">LinuxTV</a> web site.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some programs support V4L2 through the <a href="Media_resource_locator" title="Media resource locator">media resource locator</a> <code>v4l2://</code>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_support">Software support</h2></div>

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<li><a href="Cheese_(software)" title="Cheese (software)">Cheese (software)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cinelerra" title="Cinelerra">Cinelerra</a></li>

<li><a href="CloudApp" class="mw-redirect" title="CloudApp">CloudApp</a></li>

<li><a href="Ekiga" title="Ekiga">Ekiga</a></li>

<li><a href="FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a></li>

<li><a href="FreeJ" title="FreeJ">FreeJ</a></li>

<li><a href="GStreamer" title="GStreamer">GStreamer</a></li>

<li><a href="Guvcview" title="Guvcview">Guvcview</a></li>

<li><a href="Kdetv" class="mw-redirect" title="Kdetv">kdetv</a></li>

<li><a href="Kopete" title="Kopete">Kopete</a></li>

<li><a href="Libav" class="mw-redirect" title="Libav">Libav</a></li>

<li><a href="Linphone" title="Linphone">Linphone</a></li>

<li><a href="LiVES" title="LiVES">LiVES</a></li>

<li>motion</li>

<li><a href="MPlayer" title="MPlayer">MPlayer</a></li>

<li><a href="MythTV" title="MythTV">MythTV</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Broadcaster_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Broadcaster Software">Open Broadcaster Software</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="OpenCV" title="OpenCV">OpenCV</a></li>

<li><a href="PyGame" class="mw-redirect" title="PyGame">PyGame</a></li>

<li><a href="Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li>

<li><a href="Tvheadend" title="Tvheadend">Tvheadend</a></li>

<li><a href="VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC media player</a></li>

<li><a href="Xawtv" title="Xawtv">xawtv</a></li>

<li><a href="ZoneMinder" title="ZoneMinder">ZoneMinder</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div>

<p>Video4Linux has a complex negotiation process, which caused not all applications having support for all cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">Direct Rendering Manager</a> – defines a kernel-to-user-space interface for access to graphics rendering and video acceleration</li>

<li><a href="Mesa_3D" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesa 3D">Mesa 3D</a> – implements video acceleration APIs</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fosdem.org/2014/schedule/event/v4l_intro/">"An Introduction to the Video4Linux Framework: How to write a video capture driver"</a>. 2014-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221165356/https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt">"Overview of the V4L2 driver framework"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt">the original</a> on 2014-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-04</span></span>.</cite> Overview of the V4L2 driver framework.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106032317/https://events.linuxfoundation.org/images/stories/pdf/lceu2012_debski.pdf">"Path to a Standardized Video Codec API"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://events.linuxfoundation.org/images/stories/pdf/lceu2012_debski.pdfVideo4Linux2">the original</a> on 2014-01-06.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Gspca">"gspca - LinuxTVWiki"</a>. <i><a href="LinuxTV" title="LinuxTV">LinuxTV</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchimek" class="citation web cs1">Schimek, Michael H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/legacy/video4linux/API/V4L2_API/spec-single/v4l2.html">"Video for Linux Two API Specification"</a>. <i><a href="LinuxTV" title="LinuxTV">LinuxTV</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obsproject.com/">"Open Broadcaster Software | OBS"</a>. <i>obsproject.com</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/pull/5477">"Add video capture API proposal by 1bsyl"</a>. <i><a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCorbet2019" class="citation web cs1">Corbet, Jonathan (2019-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/794555/">"Access to complex video devices with libcamera"</a>. <i><a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.linuxtv.org/media_tree.git/tree">media_tree</a> development git</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.linuxtv.org/v4l-utils.git/tree">v4l-utils</a> development git</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis/">Linux Media Infrastructure API (V4L2, DVB and Remote Controllers)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page">Video4Linux-DVB wiki</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploits.org/v4l">Video4Linux resources</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video4bsd.sourceforge.net/">Video4BSD</a>, a Video4Linux emulation layer</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707012535/http://alumnos.elo.utfsm.cl/~yanez/video-for-linux-sample-programs/">Video For Linux (V4L) sample applications</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707012738/http://alumnos.elo.utfsm.cl/~yanez/video-for-linux-2-sample-programs/">Video For Linux 2 (V4L2) sample application</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103002424/http://v4l4j.googlecode.com/">Access Video4Linux devices from Java</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git/log/?qt=grep&q=v4l">kernel.org</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/usb.video">OpenWrt Wiki</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ideasonboard.org/uvc/">Linux UVC driver and tools</a>, <a href="USB_video_device_class" title="USB video device class">USB video device class</a> (UVC)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Linux_kernel514" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kernel19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kernel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Mark_Institute" title="Linux Mark Institute">Linux Mark Institute</a></li>

<li><a href="Linus's_law" title="Linus's law">Linus's law</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate" title="Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate">Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate</a></li>

<li><a href="SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO disputes</a></li>

<li><a href="Linaro" title="Linaro">Linaro</a></li>

<li><a href="Menuconfig" title="Menuconfig">menuconfig</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Linux-supported_computer_architectures" title="List of Linux-supported computer architectures">Supported computer architectures</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_kernel_version_history" title="Linux kernel version history">Version history</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_Linux" title="Criticism of Linux">Criticism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Developers

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Linux_Programming_Interface" title="The Linux Programming Interface">The Linux Programming Interface</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Kernel.org" title="Kernel.org">kernel.org</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux conference">Linux conferences</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Users

<ul><li><a href="Linux_user_group" title="Linux user group">Linux User Group (LUG)</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Werner_Almesberger" title="Werner Almesberger">Werner Almesberger</a></li>

<li><a href="H._Peter_Anvin" title="H. Peter Anvin">H. Peter Anvin</a></li>

<li><a href="Jens_Axboe" title="Jens Axboe">Jens Axboe</a></li>

<li><a href="Moshe_Bar_(investor)" title="Moshe Bar (investor)">Moshe Bar</a></li>

<li><a href="Suparna_Bhattacharya" title="Suparna Bhattacharya">Suparna Bhattacharya</a></li>

<li><a href="Andries_Brouwer" title="Andries Brouwer">Andries Brouwer</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_Garrett" title="Matthew Garrett">Matthew Garrett</a></li>

<li><a href="Avi_Kivity" title="Avi Kivity">Avi Kivity</a></li>

<li><a href="Con_Kolivas" title="Con Kolivas">Con Kolivas</a></li>

<li><a href="Greg_Kroah-Hartman" title="Greg Kroah-Hartman">Greg Kroah-Hartman</a></li>

<li><a href="Benson_Leung" title="Benson Leung">Benson Leung</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Love" title="Robert Love">Robert Love</a></li>

<li><a href="David_S._Miller" title="David S. Miller">David S. Miller</a></li>

<li><a href="Ingo_Moln%C3%A1r" title="Ingo Molnár">Ingo Molnár</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrew_Morton_(computer_programmer)" title="Andrew Morton (computer programmer)">Andrew Morton</a></li>

<li><a href="Hans_Reiser" title="Hans Reiser">Hans Reiser</a></li>

<li><a href="Rusty_Russell" title="Rusty Russell">Rusty Russell</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuah_Khan" title="Shuah Khan">Shuah Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodore_Ts'o" title="Theodore Ts'o">Theodore Ts'o</a></li>

<li><a href="Stephen_Tweedie" title="Stephen Tweedie">Stephen Tweedie</a></li>

<li><a href="Harald_Welte" title="Harald Welte">Harald Welte</a></li>

<li><a href="Chris_Wright_(programmer)" title="Chris Wright (programmer)">Chris Wright</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debugging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ftrace" title="Ftrace">ftrace</a></li>

<li><a href="Kdump_(Linux)" title="Kdump (Linux)">kdump</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">Linux kernel oops</a></li>

<li><a href="SystemTap" title="SystemTap">SystemTap</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Booting_process_of_Linux" title="Booting process of Linux">Startup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vmlinux" title="Vmlinux">vmlinux</a></li>

<li><a href="System.map" title="System.map">System.map</a></li>

<li><a href="Dracut_(software)" title="Dracut (software)">dracut</a></li>

<li><a href="Initrd" class="mw-redirect" title="Initrd">initrd</a></li>

<li><a href="Initramfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Initramfs">initramfs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces" title="Linux kernel interfaces">ABIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">Linux Standard Base</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces" title="Linux kernel interfaces">APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kernel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces#SCI" title="Linux kernel interfaces">System Call<br>Interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ioctl" title="Ioctl">ioctl</a></li>

<li><a href="Select_(Unix)" title="Select (Unix)">select</a></li>

<li><a href="Close_(system_call)" title="Close (system call)">close</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces#Additions_to_POSIX" title="Linux kernel interfaces">Linux-only</a>

<ul><li><a href="Futex" title="Futex">futex</a></li>

<li><a href="Epoll" title="Epoll">epoll</a></li>

<li><a href="Splice_(system_call)" title="Splice (system call)">splice</a></li>

<li><a href="Dnotify" title="Dnotify">dnotify</a></li>

<li><a href="Inotify" title="Inotify">inotify</a></li>

<li><a href="Readahead" title="Readahead">readahead</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces#In–kernel_APIs" title="Linux kernel interfaces">In-kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Crypto_API_(Linux)" title="Crypto API (Linux)">Crypto API</a></li>

<li><a href="Io_uring" title="Io uring">io uring</a></li>

<li><a href="Kernfs_(Linux)" title="Kernfs (Linux)">kernfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_barrier" title="Memory barrier">Memory barrier</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">Userspace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Daemon_(computing)" title="Daemon (computing)">Daemons</a>,<br><a href="Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>bpffs</li>

<li><a href="Configfs" title="Configfs">configfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Devfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Devfs">devfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Devpts" title="Devpts">devpts</a></li>

<li><a href="Debugfs" title="Debugfs">debugfs</a></li>

<li>hugetlbfs</li>

<li>pipefs</li>

<li><a href="Procfs" title="Procfs">procfs</a></li>

<li>securityfs</li>

<li>sockfs</li>

<li><a href="Sysfs" title="Sysfs">sysfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Tmpfs" title="Tmpfs">tmpfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a>

<li><a href="Kmscon" title="Kmscon">Kmscon</a></li>

<li><a href="Binfmt_misc" title="Binfmt misc">binfmt_misc</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wrapper_library" title="Wrapper library">Wrapper<br>libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="C_standard_library" title="C standard library">C standard library</a>

<ul><li><a href="Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a></li>

<li><a href="UClibc" title="UClibc">uClibc</a></li>

<li><a href="Bionic_(software)" title="Bionic (software)">Bionic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Libhybris" title="Libhybris">libhybris</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dietlibc" title="Dietlibc">dietlibc</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_GLIBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded GLIBC">EGLIBC</a></li>

<li><a href="Klibc" title="Klibc">klibc</a></li>

<li><a href="Newlib" title="Newlib">Newlib</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cgroups" title="Cgroups">libcgroup</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">libdrm</a></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture" title="Advanced Linux Sound Architecture">libalsa</a></li>

<li><a href="Evdev" title="Evdev">libevdev</a></li>

<li><a href="Libusb" title="Libusb">libusb</a></li>

<li><a href="Io_uring" title="Io uring">liburing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">Kernel modules</a></li>

<li><a href="BlueZ" class="mw-redirect" title="BlueZ">BlueZ</a></li>

<li><a href="Cgroups" title="Cgroups">cgroups</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_console" title="Linux console">Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Bcache" title="Bcache">bcache</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_mapper" title="Device mapper">Device mapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Dm-cache" title="Dm-cache">dm-cache</a></li>

<li><a href="Dm-crypt" title="Dm-crypt">dm-crypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Evdev" title="Evdev">evdev</a></li>

<li><a href="Kernel_same-page_merging" title="Kernel same-page merging">Kernel same-page merging</a> (KSM)</li>

<li><a href="Linux_framebuffer" title="Linux framebuffer">Framebuffer</a></li>

<li><a href="KMS_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="KMS driver">KMS driver</a></li>

<li><a href="Netfilter" title="Netfilter">Netfilter</a></li>

<li><a href="Netlink" title="Netlink">Netlink</a></li>

<li><a href="Nftables" title="Nftables">nftables</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_scheduler" title="Network scheduler">Network scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Zswap" title="Zswap">zswap</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Scheduling_(computing)#Linux" title="Scheduling (computing)">Process and I/O schedulers</a>:</li>

<li><a href="Brain_Fuck_Scheduler" title="Brain Fuck Scheduler">Brain Fuck Scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Completely_Fair_Scheduler" title="Completely Fair Scheduler">Completely Fair Scheduler</a> (CFS)</li>

<li><a href="Earliest_eligible_virtual_deadline_first_scheduling" title="Earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling">Earliest eligible virtual deadline first</a> (EEVDF)</li>

<li><a href="Noop_scheduler" title="Noop scheduler">Noop scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="O(n)_scheduler" title="O(n) scheduler">O(n) scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="O(1)_scheduler" title="O(1) scheduler">O(1) scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="SCHED_DEADLINE" title="SCHED DEADLINE">SCHED_DEADLINE</a></li>

<li><a href="SCHED_FIFO" class="mw-redirect" title="SCHED FIFO">SCHED_FIFO</a></li>

<li><a href="SCHED_RR" class="mw-redirect" title="SCHED RR">SCHED_RR</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Linux_Security_Modules" title="Linux Security Modules">Security Modules</a>: <a href="AppArmor" title="AppArmor">AppArmor</a></li>

<li><a href="Exec_Shield" title="Exec Shield">Exec Shield</a></li>

<li><a href="Seccomp" title="Seccomp">seccomp</a></li>

<li><a href="Security-Enhanced_Linux" title="Security-Enhanced Linux">SELinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Smack_(software)" title="Smack (software)">Smack</a></li>

<li><a href="Tomoyo_Linux" title="Tomoyo Linux">Tomoyo Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_PAM" title="Linux PAM">Linux PAM</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device drivers</a>

<li><a href="Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">graphics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Raw_device" title="Raw device">Raw device</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Initramfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Initramfs">initramfs</a></li>

<li><a href="KernelCare" title="KernelCare">KernelCare</a></li>

<li><a href="Kexec" title="Kexec">kexec</a></li>

<li><a href="KGraft" title="KGraft">kGraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Kpatch" title="Kpatch">kpatch</a></li>

<li><a href="Ksplice" title="Ksplice">Ksplice</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mainline_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline Linux">Mainline</a>

<ul><li><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">High-performance computing</a>

<li><a href="Compute_Node_Linux" title="Compute Node Linux">Compute Node Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Slurm_Workload_Manager" title="Slurm Workload Manager">SLURM</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">Real-time computing</a>

<ul><li><a href="RTLinux" title="RTLinux">RTLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Xenomai" title="Xenomai">Xenomai</a></li>

<li><a href="PREEMPT_RT" title="PREEMPT RT">PREEMPT_RT</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">MMU</a>-less

<ul><li><a href="%CE%9CClinux" title="ΜClinux">μClinux</a></li>

<li><a href="PSXLinux" title="PSXLinux">PSXLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Virtualization18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Virtualization" title="Virtualization">Virtualization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">Hypervisor</a>

<li><a href="OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">OS-level virtualization</a>

<ul><li><a href="Linux-VServer" title="Linux-VServer">Linux-VServer</a></li>

<li><a href="Lguest" title="Lguest">Lguest</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenVZ" title="OpenVZ">OpenVZ</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Other

<ul><li><a href="L4Linux" title="L4Linux">L4Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="User-mode_Linux" title="User-mode Linux">User-mode Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="MkLinux" title="MkLinux">MkLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Cooperative_Linux" title="Cooperative Linux">coLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_adoption" title="Linux adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rangeof_use48" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_range_of_use" title="Linux range of use">Range<br>of use</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linux_desktop_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux desktop environments">Desktop</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Embedded</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_games_and_Linux" title="Video games and Linux">Gaming</a></li>

<li>Thin client:

<li>Server:

<li><a href="Linux-powered_device" title="Linux-powered device">Devices</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adopters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Linux_adopters" title="List of Linux adopters">List of Linux adopters</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ALinux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></b></li>

<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AFree_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-02-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Video4Linux&oldid=1273253875">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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